PSY FPX 6010 Assessment 1 Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Overview

Assessment 1 Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Overview

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Capella university

PSY FPX 6010 Human Prenatal Development

Prof. Name

Date

General Information

The health of a fetus is paramount during pregnancy, necessitating the assessment of genetic and chromosomal factors. Various tests, both invasive and noninvasive, are available to detect such risks prenatally (Gross, 2019). Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has gained popularity since 2011 for its ability to assess genetic abnormalities without posing risks to the fetus (Montgomery & Thayer, 2020). Although NIPT does not diagnose abnormalities, it identifies heightened risks (Montgomery & Thayer, 2020).

Description of NIPT

NIPT analyzes cell-free DNA in a pregnant woman’s blood, carrying minimal risk akin to a routine blood draw (Montgomery & Thayer, 2020). It detects common abnormalities like trisomy 21, 18, and 13 with high accuracy (Samura, 2020). NIPT can also determine fetal sex and is typically performed around the tenth week of gestation (Montgomery & Thayer, 2020).

Benefits and Limitations

NIPT offers psychological benefits, reducing stress for expectant parents (Kater-Kuipers et al., 2018). However, false reassurance is possible due to its imperfect accuracy, and false positives or negatives may occur (Samura, 2019). Despite this, NIPT allows parents time to prepare for potential medical needs of the child and facilitates closer monitoring during pregnancy (Montgomery & Thayer, 2020).

The Genetic Counselor

Genetic counseling plays a crucial role in informing expectant parents about the implications of NIPT results (Kater-Kuipers et al., 2021). Counselors help navigate complex decisions and provide support, including referrals to advocacy groups (Kater-Kuipers et al., 2021).

Conclusion

NIPT serves as a safe and reliable tool for assessing fetal health, particularly in high-risk pregnancies. However, its usage necessitates informed decision-making, potentially aided by genetic counseling.

References

Azri, S., Larmar, S., & Cartmel, J. (2014). Social work’s role in prenatal diagnosis and genetic services: Current practice and future potential. Australian Social Work, 67(3), 348–362. Benoy, M.E., Iruretagoyena, J.I., Birkeland, L.E., & Petty, E.M. (2021). The impact of insurance on equitable access to non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPT): private insurance may not pay. Journal of Community Genetics, 12(1), 185-197. doi:10.1007/s12687-020-00498-w Gross, D. (2019). Infancy: Development from birth to age 3 (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. Kater-Kuipers A., Bakkeren, I. M., Riedijk, S. R., Go Attie, T. J. I., Polak, M. G., Galjaard, R. H., . . . Bunnik, E. M. (2021). Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): Societal pressure or freedom of choice? A vignette study of dutch citizens’ attitudes. European Journal of Human Genetics : EJHG, 29(1), 2-10. Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41431-020-0686-9

PSY FPX 6010 Assessment 1 Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Overview

Kater-Kuipers, A., Bunnik, E. M., de Beaufort, I. D., & Galjaard, R. (2018). Limits to the scope of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): an analysis of the international ethical framework for prenatal screening and an interview study with Dutch professionals. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 409. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-2050-4 Labonté, V., Alsaid, D., Lang, B., & Meerpohl, J. J. (2019). Psychological and social consequences of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): a scoping review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1), 385. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2518-x Montgomery, S., & Thayer, Z. M. (2020). The influence of experiential knowledge and societal perceptions on decision-making regarding non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20, 1-14. Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03203-4

PSY FPX 6010 Assessment 1 Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Overview

Samura, O. (2020). Update on noninvasive prenatal testing: A review based on current worldwide research. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 46(8), 1246–1254. Doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.14268

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS – Assessment 1 Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Overview

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• Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, including a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words. Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source. One or two-sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words. I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.

• Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately. In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies. Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work). Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.

• APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with the APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required). Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation. I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

• Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage over-utilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Master’s level and deduct points accordingly. As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content. It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source. Assessment 1 Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Overview

• LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to Lopes Write, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me. Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes. Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own? Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in Loud-cloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.

• Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is a 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies. Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances. If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect. I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension. As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.

• Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me: Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class. Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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